ISC Commerce Class 12 Syllabus 2025

Theory paper is of 3 hours duration and 80 marks. There are 4 units in the syllabus: (i) Business Environment (ii) Financing (iii) Management (iv) Marketing.

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1. Business Environment

Concept, and importance of Business Environment.

Meaning, features and importance of Business Environment;

Dimensions of Business Environment - Micro (Internal and External factors) and Macro (Economic, social, technological, political and legal) - meaning and components.

S.W.O.T. Analysis - A basic understanding of S.W.O.T. (Strength, Weakness, Opportunity and Threat) Analysis.

2. Financing

(i) Capital: Sources of finance for sole trader; partnership; Joint Stock Company; financial planning.

(ii) Sources of finance for a Joint Stock Company.

  1. Different types of shares: equity, preference. Bonus shares, rights issue, ESOP, Sweat Equity Shares, Retained earnings.
  2. Loan capital: debentures.
  3. Loans from commercial banks and Financial Institutions. 
  4. Short-term sources of funds. 

(iii) Banking - latest trends.

3. Management

(i) Management: Meaning, objectives and characteristics of management.

Meaning of Management: as an activity; as a group; as a discipline; as a process. Objectives and characteristics of management.

(ii) Nature of Management - Science, Art and Profession.

(iii) Importance of Management.

(iv) Principles of Management: nature of principles; need for principles.

Nature of principles of Management; need for principles of management; Taylor’s 5 scientific principles of Management; Fayol’s 14 principles of Management; Comparison of Taylor's and Fayol’s principles.

(v) Functions of Management: Planning; Organising; Staffing; Directing; Controlling and Coordinating.

4. Marketing

(i) Marketing: concept and functions.

Meaning and types of markets; meaning and features of marketing. Marketing concepts: traditional v/s modern - meaning and features of traditional and modern concepts of marketing. Comparison between marketing and selling. Objectives and importance of marketing; functions of marketing - meaning, features of each function of marketing.

(ii) Marketing Mix.

Product Mix - goods and services - meaning, features and types of goods; meaning, features of services; difference between product and services. Branding: meaning and merits. Labeling: meaning and merits. Packaging: meaning and features of good packaging.

Price Mix - meaning, factors determining price.

Place Mix - meaning, channel of distribution choice of channels of distribution and physical distribution.

Promotion Mix - Meaning and elements.

Elements - Advertising, sales promotion, personal selling and publicity - meaning, features, objectives and differences.

(iii) Consumer protection: rights of consumers, methods of consumer protection.

Need for consumer protection; methods of consumer protection - self-help, legislative measures and consumer associations/NGOs, Consumer Protection Act, 2019 - Rights of consumers.

The Consumer Disputes Redressal Commissions (National, State and District).